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You can select discount cars that have been used but still in good condition from some of the genuine websites available on the Internet. They have information about a wide range of discounted car. You need to make your choice known by selecting your preferred model from the dropdown list. You can filter your search by placing your desired price range. Before purchasing used cars you should always verify their credentials. They should have proper registration numbers and other details. You can specify a lot of other features such as, the body type, the year of manufacture, the kilometer range, the transmission type, the color preference etc.

Used cars are being increasingly opted for owing due to their low prices, but they should be purchased only from reliable sources. Otherwise, it is better to go for new cars which run a low risk of having any defects. Many dealers of used cars sell wholesale car(s) too.

How to choose used cars?

Used cars are being increasingly opted for these days, because they are highly affordable in today's world. But you should be very careful in selecting the dealer or the agent from whom you buy the car. There are a lot of genuine dealers but the number of fraudulent ones is also quite high. It is always better for you to take a car expert with you when you go for selecting your used car because the dealer does not usually get a chance to deceive you in front of a person who has good knowledge about used cars and the used car market.

The Internet has a large number of websites that give you a lot of information about used cars. Some of them have vast databases of used cars from the entire country. You can choose a car of a desired model, price range, year of manufacture, transmission, mileage, color specifications, and other features. You should always be careful about choosing cars and ensure they have the proper credentials. The cars should be registered. If you can get a used car that is free of defects it maybe a good buy, otherwise a new car is always a better choice.

http://www.Automarket.com.au is one stop shop for getting cheap used or new cars at affordable prices. Visit on the site automarket and search a wide range of cheap and budget used cars to buy from different make, models and locations.

Proposed Planning of Wireless Power Transmission Demonstration

I. INTRODUCTION

In our present electricity generation system we waste more than half of its resources. Especially the transmission and distribution losses are the main concern of the present power technology. Much of this power is wasted during transmission from power plant generators to the consumer. The resistance of the wire used in the electrical grid distribution system causes a loss of 26-30% of the energy generated. This loss implies that our present system of electrical distribution is only 70-74% efficient. We have to think of alternate state - of - art technology to transmit and distribute the electricity. Now- a- days global scenario has been changed a lot and there are tremendous development in every field. If we don’t keep pace with the development of new power technology we have to face a decreasing trend in the development of power sector. The transmission of power without wires may be one noble alternative for electricity transmission.

William C. Brown, the leading authority on wireless power transmission technology, has loaned this demonstration unit to the Texas Space Grant Consortium to show how power can be transferred through free space by microwaves. A block diagram of the demonstration components is shown below. The primary components include a microwave source, a transmitting antenna, and a receiving rectenna.

Fig.1 Block of wireless power transmission

The microwave source consists of a microwave oven magnetron with electronics to control the output power. The output microwave power ranges from 50 W to 200 W at 2.45 GHz. A coaxial cable connects the output of the microwave source to a coax-to-waveguide adapter. This adapter is connected to a waveguide ferrite circulator which protects the microwave source from reflected power. The circulator is connected to a tuning waveguide section to match the waveguide impedance to the antenna input impedance.

The slotted waveguide antenna consists of 8 waveguide sections with 8 slots on each section. These 64 slots radiate the power uniformly through free space to the rectenna. The slotted waveguide antenna is ideal for power transmission because of its high aperture efficiency (> 95%) and high power handling capability.

A rectifying antenna called a rectenna receives the transmitted power and converts the microwave power to direct current (DC) power. This demonstration rectenna consists of 6 rows of dipoles antennas where 8 dipoles belong to each row. Each row is connected to a rectifying circuit which consists of low pass filters and a rectifier. The rectifier is a GaAs Schottky barrier diode that is impedance matched to the dipoles by a low pass filter. The 6 rectifying diodes are connected to light bulbs for indicating that the power is received. The light bulbs also dissipated the received power. This rectenna has a 25% collection and conversion efficiency, but rectennas have been tested with greater than 90% efficiency at 2.45 GHz.

II. THE TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE

In this remarkable discovery of the "True Wireless" and the principles upon which transmission and reception, even in the present day systems, are based, Dr. Nikola Tesla shows us that he is indeed the "Father of the Wireless." The most wellknown and famous Wardenclyffe Tower (Tesla Tower) was designed and constructed mainly for wireless transmission of electrical power, rather than telegraphy [1]. The most popular concept known is Tesla Theory in which it was firmly believed that Wardenclyffe (Fig.2) would permit wireless transmission and reception across large distances with negligible losses [2]. In spite of this he had made numerous experiments of high quality to validate his claim of possibility of wireless transmission of electricity (Fig.3). But this was an unfortunate incidence that people of that century was not in a position to recognize his splendid work otherwise today we may transmit electricity wirelessly and will convert our mother earth a wonderful adobe full of electricity.

Fig.2. The 187-foot Wardenclyffe Tower (Tesla Tower)

The modern ideas are dominated by microwave power transmission (MPT, Figure 3) called Solar power satellite to be built in high earth orbit to collect sunlight and convert that energy into microwaves, then beamed to a very large antenna on earth, the microwaves would be converted into conventional electrical power.

Fig.3. The basis for Tesla’s system for the wireless transmission of electrical

power[3].

III. MERITS, DEMERITS & ECONOMICS OF

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

3.1 Merits

An electrical distribution system, based on this method would eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations. The system would reduce the cost of electrical energy used by the consumer and rid the landscape of wires, cables, and transmission towers.

There are areas of the world where the need for electrical power exists, yet there is no method for delivering power. Africa is in need of power to run pumps to tap into the vast resources of water under the Sahara Desert. Rural areas, such as those in China, require the electrical power necessary to bring them into the 20th century and to equal standing with western nations. The wireless transmission will solve many of these problems The electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance, so there will be no transmission and distribution loss. More efficient energy distribution systems and sources are needed by both developed and under developed nations. In regards to the new systems, the market for wireless power transmission is enormous. It has the potential to become a multi-billion dollar per year market.

The increasing demand for electrical energy in industrial nations is well documented. If we include the demand of third world nations, pushed by their increasing rate of growth, we could expect an even Faster rise in the demand for electrical power in the near future. These systems can only meet these requirements with 90–94 %efficient transmission [3, 8].

High Transmission Integrity and Low Loss: - To transmit

wireless power to any distance without limit. It makes no difference what the distance is. The efficiency of the transmission can be as high as 96 or 97 per cent, and there are

practically no losses.

 

3.2. Demerits

 

Biological Impact: - One common criticism of the Tesla wireless power system is regarding its possible biological effects. Calculating the circulating reactive power, it was found that the frequency is very small and such a frequency is very biologically compatible [3, 8].

 

3.3.Economic Impact

 

The concept looks to be costly initially. The investment cost of Tesla Tower was $150,000 (1905). In terms of economic theory, many countries will benefit from this service. Only private, dispersed receiving stations will be needed. Just like television and radio, a single resonant energy receiver is required, which may eventually be built into appliances, so no power cord will be necessary! Monthly electric utility bills from old-fashioned, fossil-fuelled, lossprone electrified wire-grid delivery services will be optional, much like “cable TV” of today. In the 21st century, “Direct TV” is the rage, which is an exact parallel of Tesla’s “Direct Electricity.”

IV. ADDITIONAL REMARKS

Many concepts, research papers, patents are available on wireless transmission of electricity but most research work were carried out in isolation, so it needs a joint collaborative efforts to get a very useful results on this advanced technology on power transmission for the benefit of mankind globally in future. Whatever the future may bring, the universal application of these great principles is fully assured, though it may be long in coming. With the opening of the first power plant, incredulity will give way to wonderment, and this to ingratitude, as ever before.

The world is still not able to achieve the benefit of the God gifted potential of Dr N.Tesla. People neglected him and his good work. He deserved much better treatment from the tycoons of his age, than to spend the last 40 years of his life in abject poverty. However, he was too much of a gentleman to hold a grudge. Instead, regarding the magnifying transmitter, Tesla wrote in his autobiography, “I am unwilling to accord to some small-minded and jealous individuals the satisfaction of having thwarted my efforts. These men are to me nothing more than microbes of a nasty disease. My project was retarded by laws of nature. The world was not prepared for it. It was too far ahead of time. But the same laws will prevail in the end and make it a triumphal success.” [3, 8-9]. If this has had not been happened, then today we will be in a wonder world of plenty of power using the technology of wireless transmission of electricity.

V. CONCLUSION

The transmission of power without wires is not a theory or a mere possibility, it is now a reality. The electrical energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial distance. Many researchers have established in numerous observations, experiments and measurements, qualitative and quantitative. Dr.N.Tesla is the pioneer of this invention. Wireless transmission of electricity have tremendous merits like high transmission integrity and Low Loss (90 – 97 % efficient) and can be transmitted to any where in the globe and eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers, and substations. The system would reduce the cost of electrical energy used by the consumer and get rid of the landscape of wires, cables, and transmission towers. It has negligible demerits like reactive power which was found insignificant and biologically compatible.

REFERENCES

[1] Nikola Tesla, “The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace,” Electrical World and Engineer. Jan. 7, p. 21, 1905.

[2] Nikola Tesla, My Inventions, Ben Johnston, Ed., Austin, Hart Brothers, p. 91,1982.

[3] Thomas F. Valone, “ Tesla’s Wireless Energy... For the 21st Century!!! One Step Beyond Direct TV!!!” Extra Ordinary Technology, 1, no. 4, Oct / Nov / Dec 2003.

[4] James O. McSpadden, “ Wireless Power Transmission Demonstration”, Texas A&M University, June, 1997.

[5] Thomas W. Benson , “ Wireless transmission of power now possible”, News Letter, pp1118 – 9, March , 1920.

[6] Charych Arthur (Setauket, NY), “ System and method for wireless electrical power transmission”, Patent No. 6,798,716, September 28, 2004.

[7] Joe T. Howell, et. al , “Advanced receiver / converter experiments for laser wireless power transmission”5th. Wireless transmission conference, pp 1-8, Garanda, Spain,2004.

[8] Nikola Tesla, “ The true wireless”, Electrical Experiments ,May, 1919.

[9] Toby Grotz,” Wireless transmission of power”, Courtesy of the Tesla BBS at 719 486-2775, August 28, 1990.

About the Author

Assistant professor in lord venkateswara engineering college.I am doing phd in sathyabama university, Tamil Nadu,India.

Which type car transmission (manual or automatic) is more common/popular in your country?

Tell me which country you're in! =P
I live in England and manual is more common here. I'm taking my test in a manual car in January, but I'm thinking about driving an automatic after I've passed. They must be so much easier to drive, which would probably make them safer, so it seems silly not to really. I don't understand why automatic transmission isn't more popular!
Yeah... I'm getting a manual license. I'd just rather be lazy and drive an auto when I have it though =/

Unfortunately, automatics are much more popular here in the U.S. For some makes, you actually have to pay more for the standard transmission. I don't think this is good because the more the car does for you, the less you do to control the vehicle. When I hear of runaway cars ( not often, but it happens ), I think that if it were a manual the option of applying the clutch would be there.
As mentioned above, paddle shifting is becoming popular, but without the clutch, it's just training wheels for someone who can't learn standard. I personally don't understand the attraction, I've always been able to down/up shift with the lever anyway. One simply has much more control with a manual.
Also, one of the reasons manuals can get better mileage is because they have less weight to turn. If you ever get a chance, try turning the input shaft on a manual transmission in gear and an automatic. They have to be out of the car of course.

Maxis sees bigger non-voice revenue
MAXIS Bhd (6012), the country's leading mobile operator, expects more than half of its revenue to come from non-voice business by as early as 2012, boosted by more relevant contents and new services like the Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). The company, which has clinched the mobile transmission and content rights for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in Malaysia, expects such sponsorships and ...

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